- T - Cap (or Capping Inversion) - A layer of relatively warm air aloft (usually several thousand feet above the ground) which suppresses or delays the development of thunderstorms. Air parcels rising into this layer become cooler than the surrounding air, which inhibits their ability to rise further. As such, the cap often prevents or delays thunderstorm development even in the presence of extreme instability. However if the cap is removed or weakened, then explosive thunderstorm development can occur. Convective Temperature - The approximate temperature that the air near the ground must warm to in order for surface-based convection to develop, based on analysis of a sounding. El cálculo de la temperatura convectiva comprende algunas asunciones tales que a veces las tormentas se desarrollan bien antes bien después de que la temperatura convectiva se alcanza (o puede no desarrollarse al final). Sin embargo, en algunos casos la temperatura convectiva es un parámetro muy útil para predecir el comienzo de la convección. Potential Temperature - The temperature a parcel of dry air would have if brought adiabatically (i.e., without transfer of heat or mass) to a standard pressure level of 1000 mb. Temperatura Potencial - Temperatura que una parcela de aire seco tendría si se llevara adiabáticamente (es decir, sin transferencia de calor o masa) a un nivel de 1000 mb. estándar. HP Storm or HP Supercell - High-Precipitation storm (or High-Precipitation supercell). A supercell thunderstorm in which heavy precipitation (often including hail) falls on the trailing side of the mesocyclone. Precipitation often totally envelops the region of rotation, making visual identification of any embedded tornadoes difficult and very dangerous. Unlike most classic supercells, the region of rotation in many HP storms develops in the front-flank region of the storm (i.e., usually in the eastern portion). HP storms often produce extreme and prolonged downburst events, serious flash flooding, and very large damaging hail events. LP Storm (or LP Supercell) - Low-Precipitation storm (or Low-Precipitation supercell). A supercell thunderstorm characterized by a relative lack of visible precipitation. Visually similar to a classic supercell, except without the heavy precipitation core. LP storms often exhibit a striking visual appearance; the main tower often is bell-shaped, with a corkscrew appearance suggesting rotation. They are capable of producing tornadoes and very large hail. Radar identification often is difficult relative to other types of supercells, so visual reports are very important. LP storms almost always occur on or near the dry line, and thus are sometimes referred to as dry line storms. Tormenta BP (o Supercélula BP) - tormenta de Baja Precipitación (o supercélula de Baja Precipitación). Tormenta supercelular caracterizada por una relativa falta de precipitación visible. Visualmente es similar a una supercélula clásica, salvo sin el núcleo de precipitación torrencial. Las tormentas BP a menudo muestran una impresionante apariencia visual; la torre principal a menudo tiene forma de campana, con una apariencia de sacacorchos sugiriendo rotación. Son capaces de producir tornados y granizo de gran tamaño. La distinción respecto de otros tipos de supercélulas a través del radar a menudo es difícil, por lo que los informes visuales son muy importantes. Las tormentas BP casi siempre ocurren sobre o cerca de la línea seca y de este modo a veces son referidas como tormentas de línea seca. Cyclic Storm - A thunderstorm that undergoes cycles of intensification and weakening (pulses) while maintaining its individuality. Cyclic supercells are capable of producing multiple tornadoes (i.e., a tornado family) and/or several bursts of severe weather. Dry-line Storm - Generally, any thunderstorm that develops on or near a dry line. The term often is used synonymously with LP storm, since the latter almost always occurs near the dry line. Air-mass Thunderstorm - Generally, a thunderstorm not associated with a front or other type of synoptic-scale forcing mechanism. Air mass thunderstorms typically are associated with warm, humid air in the summer months; they develop during the afternoon in response to insolation, and dissipate rather quickly after sunset. They generally are less likely to be severe than other types of thunderstorms, but they still are capable of producing downbursts, brief heavy rain, and (in extreme cases) hail over 3/4 inch in diameter. See popcorn convection. Multi-cell(ular) Thunderstorm - A thunderstorm consisting of two or more cells, of which most or all are often visible at a given time as distinct domes or towers in various stages of development. Nearly all thunderstorms (including supercells) are multi-cellular, but the term often is used to describe a storm which does not fit the definition of a supercell. Tormenta Multicelular – Tormenta formada por dos o más células, de las cuales la mayor parte o todas son a menudo visibles, en un tiempo dado, en forma de distintas cúpulas o torres en varios estadíos de desarrollo. Casi todas las tormentas (incluyendo las supercélulas) son multicelulares, pero el término a menudo se usa para describir una tormenta que no se corresponde con la definición de supercélula. Pulse Storm - A thunderstorm within which a brief period (pulse) of strong updraft occurs, during and immediately after which the storm produces a short episode of severe weather. These storms generally are not tornado producers, but often produce large hail and/or damaging winds. See overshooting top, cyclic storm. Tormenta Pulsante - Tormenta dentro de la cual ocurre un breve periodo de intensificación (pulso) de la fuerte corriente ascendente, y durante e inmediatamente después del cual, la tormenta produce un corto episodio de tiempo severo. Estas tormentas generalmente no son generadoras de tornados, pero a menudo producen granizo de gran tamaño y/o vientos destructivos. Ver desbordamiento nuboso, tormenta cíclica. Back-building Thunderstorm - A thunderstorm in which new development takes place on the upwind side (usually the west or southwest side), such that the storm seems to remain stationary or propagate in a backward direction. *Multiple-vortex (or Multi-vortex) Tornado - a tornado in which two or more condensation funnels or debris clouds are present at the same time, often rotating about a common justify or about each other. Multiple-vortex tornadoes can be especially damaging. See suction vortex. * Tornado de Vórtices Múltiples ( o Multivórtice) - Tornado en el que están presentes al mismo tiempo dos o más embudos de condensación o nubes de escombros, a menudo rotando respecto a un centro común o uno alrededor del otro. Los tornados de vórtices múltiples pueden ser especialmente dañinos. Ver vórtice de succión. .
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