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NOAA - National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. AAON - Administración Atmosférica y Oceanográfica Nacional. ACCAS (usually pronounced ACK-kis) - AltoCumulus CAStellanus; mid-level clouds (bases generally 8 to 15 thousand feet), of which at least a fraction of their upper parts show cumulus-type development. These clouds often are taller than they are wide, giving them a turret-shaped appearance. ACCAS clouds are a sign of instability aloft, and may precede the rapid development of thunderstorms. Dry Adiabat - A line of constant potential temperature on a thermodynamic chart. See sounding. Advection - Transport of an atmospheric property by the wind. See cold advection, moisture advection, and warm advection. Moisture Advection - Transport of moisture by horizontal winds. Advección de Humedad - Transporte de humedad por vientos horizontales. Cold Advection - Transport of cold air into a region by horizontal winds. Blue Watch (or Blue Box) - [Slang], a severe thunderstorm watch. Red Watch or Red Box - [Slang], a tornado watch. Alerta Roja o Emergencia Roja - [Construcción vulgar], alerta de tornado. Algorithm - A computer program (or set of programs) which is designed to systematically solve a certain kind of problem. WSR-88D radars (NEXRAD) employ algorithms to analyze radar data and automatically determine storm motion, probability of hail, VIL, accumulated rainfall, and several other parameters. High Risk (of severe thunderstorms) - Severe weather is expected to affect more than 10 percent of the area. A high risk is rare, and implies an unusually dangerous situation and usually the possibility of a major severe weather outbreak. (See slight risk, moderate risk, convective outlook.) Approaching (severe levels) - A thunderstorm which contains winds of 35 to 49 knots (40 to 57 mph), or hail 1/2 inch or larger but less than 3/4 inch in diameter. See severe thunderstorm. Arcus - A low, horizontal cloud formation associated with the leading edge of thunderstorm outflow (i.e., the gust front). Roll clouds and shelf clouds both are types of arcus clouds. Positive Area - The area on a sounding representing the layer in which a lifted parcel would be warmer than the environment; thus, the area between the environmental temperature profile and the path of the lifted parcel. See sounding. Positive area is a measure of the energy available for convection; see CAPE. Área Positiva – Área en un sondeo que representa el estrato en el que una parcela elevada sería más caliente que el ambiente; de este modo, el area entre el perfil de la temperatura ambiental y el camino de la parcela elevada. Ver sondeo. El área positiva es una medida de la energía disponible para la convección; ver EPCD (CAPE). Core Punch - [Slang], a penetration by a vehicle into the heavy precipitation core of a thunderstorm. Core punching is not a recommended procedure for storm spotting. Isentropic Lift - Lifting of air that is traveling along an upward-sloping isentropic surface. Isentropic lift often is referred to erroneously as overrunning, but more accurately describes the physical process by which the lifting occurs. Situations involving isentropic lift often are characterized by widespread stratiform clouds and precipitation, but may include elevated convection in the form of embedded thunderstorms. Ascenso Isentrópico - Ascenso de aire que está viajando a lo largo de una superficie isentrópica inclinada hacia arriba. El ascenso isentrópico se refiere erróneamente a invasión, pero más exactamente describe el proceso físico por el cual el ascenso ocurre. Las situaciones que implican ascenso isentrópico a menudo se caracterizan por nubes estratiformes extendidas y precipitación, pero podría incluir convección elevada en forma de tormentas embebidas PDS Watch - [Slang], a tornado watch with enhanced wording (Particularly Dangerous Situation). Aviso SPP - [Construcción vulgar], aviso de tornado con informe realzado (Situación Particularmente Peligrosa). AVN - AViatioN model; one of the operational forecast models run at NCEP. The AVN is run four times daily, at 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 GMT. As of fall 1996, forecast output was available operationally out to 120 hours only from the 0000 and 1200 runs. At 0600 and 1800, the model is run only out to 72 hours. PVA - Positive Vorticity Advection. Advection of higher values of vorticity into an area, which often is associated with upward motion (lifting) of the air. PVA typically is found in advance of disturbances aloft (i.e., shortwaves), and is a property which often enhances the potential for thunderstorm development. AVP - Advección de Vorticidad Positiva. Advección de valores altos de vorticidad en un área, la cual a menudo está asociada con movimientos verticales (ascensos) de aire. AVP normalmente se encuentra precediendo perturbaciones más arriba (es decir, ondas cortas), y es una propiedad la cual a menudo mejora el potencial para el desarrollo de tormentas.
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